AP Biology Photosynthesis review

Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

____	1.	If photosynthesizing green algae are provided with  synthesized with heavy oxygen (), later analysis will show that all but one of the following compounds produced by the algae contain the  label. That one is
a.	PGA.	
b.	PGAL.	
c.	glucose.	
d.	RuBP.	
e.	.	

____	2.	Which of the following are products of the light reactions of photosynthesis that are utilized in the Calvin cycle?
a.	 and glucose	
b.	 and 	
c.	ADP, , and NADP	
d.	electrons and H	
e.	ATP and NADPH	

____	3.	What are the products of the light reactions that are subsequently used by the Calvin cycle?
a.	oxygen and carbon dioxide	
b.	carbon dioxide and RuBP	
c.	water and carbon	
d.	electrons and photons	
e.	ATP and NADPH	

____	4.	Where does the Calvin cycle take place?
a.	stroma of the chloroplast	
b.	thylakoid membrane	
c.	cytoplasm surrounding the chloroplast	
d.	chlorophyll molecule	
e.	outer membrane of the chloroplast	

____	5.	In any ecosystem, terrestrial or aquatic, what group(s) is (are) always necessary?
a.	autotrophs and heterotrophs	
b.	producers and primary consumers	
c.	photosynthesizers	
d.	autotrophs	
e.	green plants	

____	6.	When oxygen is released as a result of photosynthesis, it is a by-product of which of the following?
a.	reducing NADP	
b.	splitting the water molecules	
c.	chemiosmosis	
d.	the electron transfer system of photosystem I	
e.	the electron transfer system of photosystem II	

____	7.	A plant has a unique photosynthetic pigment. The leaves of this plant appear to be reddish yellow. What wavelengths of visible light are being absorbed by this pigment?
a.	red and yellow	
b.	blue and violet	
c.	green and yellow	
d.	blue, green, and red	
e.	green, blue, and yellow	

Use the following information to answer the questions below.

Theodor W. Engelmann illuminated a filament of algae with light that passed through a prism, thus exposing different segments of algae to different wavelengths of light. He added aerobic bacteria and then noted in which areas the bacteria congregated. He noted that the largest groups were found in the areas illuminated by the red and blue light.

____	8.	What did Engelmann conclude about the congregation of bacteria in the red and blue areas?
a.	Bacteria released excess carbon dioxide in these areas.	
b.	Bacteria congregated in these areas due to an increase in the temperature of the red and blue light.	
c.	Bacteria congregated in these areas because these areas had the most oxygen being released.	
d.	Bacteria are attracted to red and blue light and thus these wavelengths are more reactive than other wavelengths.	
e.	Bacteria congregated in these areas due to an increase in the temperature caused by an increase in photosynthesis.	

____	9.	If you ran the same experiment without passing light through a prism, what would you predict?
a.	There would be no difference in results.	
b.	The bacteria would be relatively evenly distributed along the algal filaments.	
c.	The number of bacteria present would decrease due to an increase in the carbon dioxide concentration.	
d.	The number of bacteria present would increase due to an increase in the carbon dioxide concentration.	
e.	The number of bacteria would decrease due to a decrease in the temperature of the water.	

Figure 10.1

____	10.	Compared with the lines for chlorophyll a in the figure, where would you expect to find the lines to differ for chlorophyll b?
a.	The absorption spectrum line would be lowest for chlorophyll b somewhat to the right of that for chlorophyll a (500—600).	
b.	The rate of photosynthesis line for chlorophyll b would be lowest from 600—700 nm.	
c.	The lines for the two types of chlorophyll would be almost completely opposite.	
d.	The lines for the two types of chlorophyll would be almost completely identical.	
e.	The peaks of the line for absorbance of b would be shifted to the left, and for rate of photosynthesis would be shifted to the right.	

____	11.	In the thylakoid membranes, what is the main role of the antenna pigment molecules?
a.	split water and release oxygen to the reaction-center chlorophyll	
b.	harvest photons and transfer light energy to the reaction-center chlorophyll	
c.	synthesize ATP from ADP and Pi	
d.	transfer electrons to ferredoxin and then NADPH	
e.	concentrate photons within the stroma	

____	12.	The reaction-center chlorophyll of photosystem I is known as P700 because
a.	there are 700 chlorophyll molecules in the center.	
b.	this pigment is best at absorbing light with a wavelength of 700 nm.	
c.	there are 700 photosystem I components to each chloroplast.	
d.	it absorbs 700 photons per microsecond.	
e.	the plastoquinone reflects light with a wavelength of 700 nm.	

____	13.	Which of the events listed below occur in the light reactions of photosynthesis?
a.	NADP is produced.	
b.	 is reduced to NADP.	
c.	carbon dioxide is incorporated into PGA.	
d.	ATP is phosphorylated to yield ADP.	
e.	light is absorbed and funneled to reaction-center chlorophyll a.	

____	14.	Which statement describes the functioning of photosystem II?
a.	Light energy excites electrons in the electron transport chain in a photosynthetic unit.	
b.	The excitation is passed along to a molecule of P700 chlorophyll in the photosynthetic unit.	
c.	The P680 chlorophyll donates a pair of protons to NADPH, which is thus converted to NADP.	
d.	The electron vacancies in P680 are filled by electrons derived from water.	
e.	The splitting of water yields molecular carbon dioxide as a by-product.	

____	15.	Which of the following are directly associated with photosystem I?
a.	harvesting of light energy by ATP	
b.	receiving electrons from plastocyanin	
c.	P680 reaction-center chlorophyll	
d.	extraction of hydrogen electrons from the splitting of water	
e.	passing electrons to plastoquinone	

____	16.	Some photosynthetic organisms contain chloroplasts that lack photosystem II, yet are able to survive. The best way to detect the lack of photosystem II in these organisms would be
a.	to determine if they have thylakoids in the chloroplasts.	
b.	to test for liberation of  in the light.	
c.	to test for  fixation in the dark.	
d.	to do experiments to generate an action spectrum.	
e.	to test for production of either sucrose or starch.	

____	17.	As a research scientist, you measure the amount of ATP and NADPH consumed by the Calvin cycle in 1 hour. You find 30,000 molecules of ATP consumed, but only 20,000 molecules of NADPH. Where did the extra ATP molecules come from?
a.	photosystem II	
b.	photosystem I	
c.	cyclic electron flow	
d.	linear electron flow	
e.	chlorophyll	

____	18.	What does the chemiosmotic process in chloroplasts involve?
a.	establishment of a proton gradient	
b.	diffusion of electrons through the thylakoid membrane	
c.	reduction of water to produce ATP energy	
d.	movement of water by osmosis into the thylakoid space from the stroma	
e.	formation of glucose, using carbon dioxide, NADPH, and ATP	

____	19.	In mitochondria, chemiosmosis translocates protons from the matrix into the intermembrane space, whereas in chloroplasts, chemiosmosis translocates protons from
a.	the stroma to the photosystem II.	
b.	the matrix to the stroma.	
c.	the stroma to the thylakoid space.	
d.	the intermembrane space to the matrix.	
e.	ATP synthase to NADP reductase.	

____	20.	Which of the following statements best describes the relationship between photosynthesis and respiration?
a.	Respiration is the reversal of the biochemical pathways of photosynthesis.	
b.	Photosynthesis stores energy in complex organic molecules, while respiration releases it.	
c.	Photosynthesis occurs only in plants and respiration occurs only in animals.	
d.	ATP molecules are produced in photosynthesis and used up in respiration.	
e.	Respiration is anabolic and photosynthesis is catabolic.	

____	21.	Where are the molecules of the electron transport chain found in plant cells?
a.	thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts	
b.	stroma of chloroplasts	
c.	inner membrane of mitochondria	
d.	matrix of mitochondria	
e.	cytoplasm	

____	22.	Synthesis of ATP by the chemiosmotic mechanism occurs during
a.	photosynthesis.	
b.	respiration.	
c.	both photosynthesis and respiration.	
d.	neither photosynthesis nor respiration.	
e.	photorespiration.	

____	23.	Reduction of oxygen which forms water occurs during
a.	photosynthesis.	
b.	respiration.	
c.	both photosynthesis and respiration.	
d.	neither photosynthesis nor respiration.	
e.	photorespiration.	

____	24.	The splitting of carbon dioxide to form oxygen gas and carbon compounds occurs during
a.	photosynthesis.	
b.	respiration.	
c.	both photosynthesis and respiration.	
d.	neither photosynthesis nor respiration.	
e.	photorespiration.	

____	25.	In a protein complex for the light reaction (a reaction center), energy is transferred from pigment molecule to pigment molecule, to a special chlorophyll a molecule, and eventually to the primary electron acceptor. Why does this occur?
a.	The action spectrum of that molecule is such that it is different from other molecules of chlorophyll.	
b.	The potential energy of the electron has to go back to the ground state.	
c.	The molecular environment lets it boost an electron to a higher energy level and also to transfer the electron to another molecule.	
d.	Each pigment molecule has to be able to act independently to excite electrons.	
e.	These chlorophyll a molecules are associated with higher concentrations of ATP.	

____	26.	In thylakoids, protons travel through ATP synthase from the stroma to the thylakoid space. Therefore the catalytic "knobs" of ATP synthase would be located
a.	on the side facing the thylakoid space.	
b.	on the ATP molecules themselves.	
c.	on the pigment molecules of PSI and PSII.	
d.	on the stroma side of the membrane.	
e.	built into the center of the thylkoid stack (granum).	

____	27.	Which of the following statements best represents the relationships between the light reactions and the Calvin cycle?
a.	The light reactions provide ATP and NADPH to the Calvin cycle, and the cycle returns ADP, , and NADP to the light reactions.	
b.	The light reactions provide ATP and NADPH to the carbon fixation step of the Calvin cycle, and the cycle provides water and electrons to the light reactions.	
c.	The light reactions supply the Calvin cycle with  to produce sugars, and the Calvin cycle supplies the light reactions with sugars to produce ATP.	
d.	The light reactions provide the Calvin cycle with oxygen for electron flow, and the Calvin cycle provides the light reactions with water to split.	
e.	There is no relationship between the light reactions and the Calvin cycle.	

____	28.	What is the primary function of the Calvin cycle?
a.	use ATP to release carbon dioxide	
b.	use NADPH to release carbon dioxide	
c.	split water and release oxygen	
d.	transport RuBP out of the chloroplast	
e.	synthesize simple sugars from carbon dioxide	

For the following questions, compare the light reactions with the Calvin cycle of photosynthesis in plants.

____	29.	Produces NADH
a.	light reactions alone	
b.	the Calvin cycle alone	
c.	both the light reactions and the Calvin cycle	
d.	neither the light reactions nor the Calvin cycle	
e.	occurs in the chloroplast but is not part of photosynthesis	

____	30.	Produces three-carbon sugars
a.	light reactions alone	
b.	the Calvin cycle alone	
c.	both the light reactions and the Calvin cycle	
d.	neither the light reactions nor the Calvin cycle	
e.	occurs in the chloroplast but is not part of photosynthesis	

____	31.	Requires 
a.	light reactions alone	
b.	the Calvin cycle alone	
c.	both the light reactions and the Calvin cycle	
d.	neither the light reactions nor the Calvin cycle	
e.	occurs in the chloroplast but is not part of photosynthesis	

____	32.	The sugar that results from three "turns" of the Calvin cycle is glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P). Which of the following is a consequence of this?
a.	Formation of a molecule of glucose would require 9 "turns."	
b.	G3P more readily forms sucrose and other disaccharides than it does monosaccharides.	
c.	Some plants would not taste sweet to us.	
d.	The formation of starch in plants involves assembling many G3P molecules, with or without further rearrangements.	
e.	G3P is easier for a plant to store.	

____	33.	In the process of carbon fixation, RuBP attaches a  to produce a 6 carbon molecule, which is then split in two. After phosphorylation and reduction, what more needs to happen in the Calvin cycle?
a.	addition of a pair of electrons from NADPH	
b.	inactivation of RuBP carboxylase enzyme	
c.	regeneration of ATP from ADP	
d.	regeneration of rubisco	
e.	a gain of NADPH	

Use the following figure and the stages labeled A, B, C, D, and E to answer the following questions.

Figure 10.2

____	34.	If ATP used by this plant is labeled with radioactive phosphorus, in which molecules will the radioactivity be measurable after one "turn" of the cycle?
a.	in B only	
b.	in B and C only	
c.	in B, C, and D only	
d.	in B and E only	
e.	in B, C, D, and E	

____	35.	If the carbon atom of the incoming  molecule is labeled with a radioactive isotope of carbon, where will the radioactivity be measurable after one cycle?
a.	in C only	
b.	in E only	
c.	in C, D, and E	
d.	in A, B, and C	
e.	in B and C	

____	36.	Which molecule(s) of the Calvin cycle is/are most like molecules found in glycolysis?
a.	A, B, C, and E	
b.	B, C, and E	
c.	A only	
d.	C and D only	
e.	E only	

____	37.	In metabolic processes of cell respiration and photosynthesis, prosthetic groups such as heme and iron-sulfur complexes are encountered. What do they do?
a.	donate electrons	
b.	act as reducing agents	
c.	act as oxidizing agents	
d.	transport protons within the mitochondria and chloroplasts	
e.	both oxidize and reduce during electron transport	

Figure 10.3

____	38.	Which of the following statements is true concerning Figure 10.3?
a.	It represents cell processes involved in  photosynthesis.	
b.	It represents the type of cell structures found in CAM plants.	
c.	It represents an adaptation that maximizes photorespiration.	
d.	It represents a  photosynthetic system.	
e.	It represents a relationship between plant cells that photosynthesize and those that cannot.	

____	39.	In an experiment studying photosynthesis performed during the day, you provide a plant with radioactive carbon () dioxide as a metabolic tracer. The  is incorporated first into oxaloacetate. The plant is best characterized as a
a.	 plant.	
b.	 plant.	
c.	CAM plant.	
d.	heterotroph.	
e.	chemoautotroph.	

____	40.	Why are  plants able to photosynthesize with no apparent photorespiration?
a.	They do not participate in the Calvin cycle.	
b.	They use PEP carboxylase to initially fix .	
c.	They are adapted to cold, wet climates.	
d.	They conserve water more efficiently.	
e.	They exclude oxygen from their tissues.	

____	41.	CAM plants keep stomata closed in daytime, thus reducing loss of water. They can do this because they
a.	fix  into organic acids during the night.	
b.	fix  into sugars in the bundle-sheath cells.	
c.	fix  into pyruvate in the mesophyll cells.	
d.	use the enzyme phosphofructokinase, which outcompetes rubisco for .	
e.	use photosystems I and II at night.	

____	42.	Photorespiration lowers the efficiency of photosynthesis by preventing the formation of
a.	carbon dioxide molecules.	
b.	3-phosphoglycerate molecules	
c.	ATP molecules.	
d.	ribulose bisphosphate molecules.	
e.	RuBP carboxylase molecules.	

____	43.	The alternative pathways of photosynthesis using the  or CAM systems are said to be compromises. Why?
a.	Each one minimizes both water loss and rate of photosynthesis.	
b.	 compromises on water loss and CAM compromises on photorespiration.	
c.	Each one both minimizes photorespiration and optimizes the Calvin cycle.	
d.	CAM plants allow more water loss, while  plants allow less  into the plant.	
e.	 plants allow less water loss but Cam plants but allow more water loss.	

____	44.	If plant gene alterations cause the plants to be deficient in photorespiration, what would most probably occur?
a.	Cells would carry on more photosynthesis.	
b.	Cells would carry on the Calvin cycle at a much slower rate.	
c.	Less ATP would be generated.	
d.	There would be more light-induced damage to the cells.	
e.	More sugars would be produced.	

____	45.	The light reactions of photosynthesis supply the Calvin cycle with
a.	light energy.	
b.	 and ATP.	
c.	 and NADPH.	
d.	ATP and NADPH.	
e.	sugar and .	

____	46.	Which of the following sequences correctly represents the flow of electrons during photosynthesis?
a.	NADPH ®  ® 	
b.	 ® NADPH ® Calvin cycle	
c.	NADPH ® chlorophyll ® Calvin cycle	
d.	 ® photosystem I ® photosystem II	
e.	NADPH ® electron transport chain ® 	

____	47.	How is photosynthesis similar in  and CAM plants?
a.	In both cases, only photosystem I is used.	
b.	Both types of plants make sugar without the Calvin cycle.	
c.	In both cases, rubisco is not used to fix carbon initially.	
d.	Both types of plants make most of their sugar in the dark.	
e.	In both cases, thylakoids are not involved in photosynthesis.	

____	48.	Which process is most directly driven by light energy?
a.	creation of a pH gradient by pumping protons across the thylakoid membrane	
b.	carbon fixation in the stroma	
c.	reduction of NADP molecules	
d.	removal of electrons from chlorophyll molecules	
e.	ATP synthesis	

____	49.	Which of the following statements is a correct distinction between autotrophs and heterotrophs?
a.	Only heterotrophs require chemical compounds from the environment.	
b.	Cellular respiration is unique to heterotrophs.	
c.	Only heterotrophs have mitochondria.	
d.	Autotrophs, but not heterotrophs, can nourish themselves beginning with  and other nutrients that are inorganic.	
e.	Only heterotrophs require oxygen.	

____	50.	Which of the following does not occur during the Calvin cycle?
a.	carbon fixation	
b.	oxidation of NADPH	
c.	release of oxygen	
d.	regeneration of the  acceptor	
e.	consumption of ATP	

AP Biology Photosynthesis review
Answer Section

MULTIPLE CHOICE

	1.	ANS:	E	PTS:	1	MSC:	Application/Analysis	

	2.	ANS:	E	PTS:	1	MSC:	Knowledge/Comprehension

	3.	ANS:	E	PTS:	1	MSC:	Knowledge/Comprehension

	4.	ANS:	A	PTS:	1	MSC:	Knowledge/Comprehension

	5.	ANS:	D	PTS:	1	MSC:	Synthesis/Evaluation	

	6.	ANS:	B	PTS:	1	MSC:	Knowledge/Comprehension

	7.	ANS:	B	PTS:	1	MSC:	Application/Analysis	

	8.	ANS:	C	PTS:	1	MSC:	Knowledge/Comprehension

	9.	ANS:	B	PTS:	1	MSC:	Application/Analysis	

	10.	ANS:	A	PTS:	1	MSC:	Synthesis/Evaluation	

	11.	ANS:	B	PTS:	1	MSC:	Knowledge/Comprehension

	12.	ANS:	B	PTS:	1	MSC:	Knowledge/Comprehension

	13.	ANS:	E	PTS:	1	MSC:	Knowledge/Comprehension

	14.	ANS:	D	PTS:	1	MSC:	Knowledge/Comprehension

	15.	ANS:	B	PTS:	1	MSC:	Knowledge/Comprehension

	16.	ANS:	B	PTS:	1	MSC:	Application/Analysis	

	17.	ANS:	C	PTS:	1	MSC:	Application/Analysis	

	18.	ANS:	A	PTS:	1	MSC:	Knowledge/Comprehension

	19.	ANS:	C	PTS:	1	MSC:	Knowledge/Comprehension

	20.	ANS:	B	PTS:	1	MSC:	Knowledge/Comprehension

	21.	ANS:	A	PTS:	1	MSC:	Knowledge/Comprehension

	22.	ANS:	C	PTS:	1	MSC:	Knowledge/Comprehension

	23.	ANS:	B	PTS:	1	MSC:	Knowledge/Comprehension

	24.	ANS:	D	PTS:	1	MSC:	Knowledge/Comprehension

	25.	ANS:	C	PTS:	1	MSC:	Synthesis/Evaluation	

	26.	ANS:	D	PTS:	1	MSC:	Knowledge/Comprehension

	27.	ANS:	A	PTS:	1	MSC:	Knowledge/Comprehension

	28.	ANS:	E	PTS:	1	MSC:	Knowledge/Comprehension

	29.	ANS:	D	PTS:	1	MSC:	Knowledge/Comprehension

	30.	ANS:	B	PTS:	1	MSC:	Knowledge/Comprehension

	31.	ANS:	B	PTS:	1	MSC:	Knowledge/Comprehension

	32.	ANS:	D	PTS:	1	MSC:	Synthesis/Evaluation	

	33.	ANS:	D	PTS:	1	MSC:	Application/Analysis	

	34.	ANS:	E	PTS:	1	MSC:	Application/Analysis	

	35.	ANS:	B	PTS:	1	MSC:	Application/Analysis	

	36.	ANS:	D	PTS:	1	MSC:	Knowledge/Comprehension

	37.	ANS:	E	PTS:	1	MSC:	Synthesis/Evaluation	

	38.	ANS:	A	PTS:	1	MSC:	Knowledge/Comprehension

	39.	ANS:	A	PTS:	1	MSC:	Application/Analysis	

	40.	ANS:	B	PTS:	1	MSC:	Knowledge/Comprehension

	41.	ANS:	A	PTS:	1	MSC:	Knowledge/Comprehension

	42.	ANS:	B	PTS:	1	MSC:	Knowledge/Comprehension

	43.	ANS:	C	PTS:	1	MSC:	Knowledge/Comprehension

	44.	ANS:	C	PTS:	1	MSC:	Knowledge/Comprehension

	45.	ANS:	D	PTS:	1

	46.	ANS:	B	PTS:	1

	47.	ANS:	C	PTS:	1

	48.	ANS:	D	PTS:	1

	49.	ANS:	D	PTS:	1

	50.	ANS:	C	PTS:	1